1.root@VM-38-204-ubuntu:~<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000"> dig www.sopans.com
//这一段是查询参数和统计
; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> www.sopans.<span style="color: #000000">com
;; <span style="color: #0000ff">global options: +<span style="color: #000000">cmd
;; Got answer:<span style="color: #000000">
;; ->><span style="color: #008080">HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY,status: NOERROR,id: 1899<span style="color: #000000">
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1,ANSWER: 2,AUTHORITY: 0,ADDITIONAL: 1
<span style="color: #008000">//<span style="color: #008000">这一段是查询内容，查询www.sopans.com的A记录，A是Address意思
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:<span style="color: #000000">
; EDNS: version: 0,flags:; udp: 4096<span style="color: #000000">
;; QUESTION SECTION:<span style="color: #000000">
;www.sopans.com.<span style="color: #000000"> IN A
<span style="color: #008000">//<span style="color: #008000">DNS服务器的答复，两条A记录，575是TTL的值（Time to live）缓存时间575秒内不用重新查询
;; ANSWER SECTION:<span style="color: #000000">
www.sopans.com. 575 IN A 123.206.7.231<span style="color: #000000">
www.sopans.com. 575 IN A 115.159.28.111
<span style="color: #008000">//<span style="color: #008000">DNS服务器的一些传输信息，本机DNS服务器是10.236.158.106，端口53，返回了75字节
;; Query <span style="color: #008080">time: 58<span style="color: #000000"> msec
;; SERVER: 10.236.158.106<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000">53(10.236.158.106)
;; WHEN: Wed Nov 28 21:36:03 CST 2018<span style="color: #000000">
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 75
- +<span style="color: #000000">short参数只返回两条A记录IP地址
root@VM-38-204-ubuntu:~<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000"> dig www.sopans.com +short
123.206.7.231
115.159.28.111
3.<span style="color: #000000">
本机DNS服务器的IP地址位于/etc/resolv.<span style="color: #000000">conf
root@VM-38-204-ubuntu:~<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000"> cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 10.236.158.106<span style="color: #000000">
nameserver 10.236.158.114<span style="color: #000000">
options timeout:1<span style="color: #000000"> rotate
4.使用@参数指定DNS服务器地址，例如指定DNS服务器地址为8.8.8.8<span style="color: #000000">
dig www.sopans.com @8.8.8.8
5.<span style="color: #000000">域名的层级结构
主机名.次级域名.顶级域名.根域名 www.sopans.com.root,root可以省略因此会显示成www.sopans.com.
6.使用+<span style="color: #000000">trace参数，查看分级查询的过程，
NS记录是管理该级域名的域名服务器，按每一级逐级查询的过程
root@VM-38-204-ubuntu:~<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000"> dig www.sopans.com +trace
. 294897 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
. 294897 IN NS b.root-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
;; Received 239 bytes from 10.236.158.106<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000">53(10.236.158.106) in 0 ms
<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.<span style="color: #000000">
com. 86400 IN DS 30909 8 2<span style="color: #000000"> E2D3C916F6DEEAC73294E8268FB5885044A833FC5459588F4A9184CF C41A5766
com. 86400 IN RRSIG DS 8 1 86400 20181211050000 20181128040000 2134 . FeSgJRqqq/LY82e1pAM38Eiu07pepp53zIY23OlA65VDqA4ynhKWb8Ov OKiWzHhWb=<span style="color: #000000">
;; Received 1174 bytes from 198.41.0.4<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000">53(a.root-servers.net) in 224 ms
<span style="color: #000000">
sopans.com. 172800 IN NS dns2.hichina.com.<span style="color: #000000">
sopans.com. 172800 IN NS dns1.hichina.com.<span style="color: #000000">
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 1 1 0 -<span style="color: #000000"> CK0Q1GIN43N1ARRC9OSM6QPQR81H5M9A NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 8 2 86400 20181202054332 20181125043332 37490 com. R+QjJnuxe+1Bs7+KvcUsTaFaNlUGt+wxLpwdpF9Mxkccm+Re8YJS2R=<span style="color: #000000">
O7K3MHPOSL4GCSK01O8ER0LQ04KLNNUT.com. 86400 IN NSEC3 1 1 0 -<span style="color: #000000"> O7K5ETU7SVNP269R4U7KIQRE79H62BPM NS DS RRSIG
O7K3MHPOSL4GCSK01O8ER0LQ04KLNNUT.com. 86400 IN RRSIG NSEC3 8 2 86400 20181203062329 20181126051329 37490 com. OKTU40+7GCLv+yWhDXu9GEuklwOKrjTgEVYe51v8C7CgIMiBH0Cysy=<span style="color: #000000">
;; Received 886 bytes from 192.43.172.30<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000">53(i.gtld-servers.net) in 362 ms
<span style="color: #000000">
www.sopans.com. 600 IN A 115.159.28.111<span style="color: #000000">
www.sopans.com. 600 IN A 123.206.7.231<span style="color: #000000">
;; Received 75 bytes from 140.205.41.23<span style="color: #008000">#<span style="color: #008000">53(dns1.hichina.com) in 4 ms
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